The Unworthy Servant

     I was extremely blessed in 2000 when I accepted Jesus Christ as my LORD and Savior to attend a God fearing, Bible believing, Holy Ghost filled church that only taught from the Authorized King James Bible. But after several discussions with individuals in and out of church on whether or not this is the truest translation of Gods Holy Word in the English language in existence today. I decided to research it for myself.

     I was shocked at what I learned and continue to praise my LORD for showing me this information. This article is the most fact filled, in depth and verifiable document on the subject I could find. If you are currently using another book, looking for your first and even if you already use the KJV.
I strongly suggest you read this !!!

NOTE: Due to the importance of this issue, please be aware that in the original article, in some locations, references to Scripture were given but were not included. I have added these Holy Scriptures and have noted these few additions by placing this before them: " ADDED " This was done for no other reason than to make the presentation more complete. Read this carefully, it's very important that you fully understand what is being said here.

To see the original: Bible Versions Booklet

The Various Editions of the 1611 A.V.

     If someone decides to produce a "new Bible version", then they must also convince Christians that there is a NEED and a justifiable CAUSE for the new version. One of the deceitful excuses being used today for producing new versions is that the King James Bible has been revised several times since 1611, and that a new revision is needed once again. While spreading this piece of deceitful misinformation, the KJV critics hold their breath, hoping that no one will be intelligent enough to ask for specific details about these "revisions". The many revisions that have occurred since 1881 bear NO RESEMBLANCE to the various EDITIONS of the KJV prior to 1881. The modern revisors are just trying to justify their sins!

     There were only FOUR actual EDITIONS of the King James Bible produced after 1611. These took place in 1629, 1638, 1762, and 1769. These were not translations ( like the new versions SINCE 1881 ) and they really weren't even " revisions ".

     The 1629 edition was simply an effort to correct printing errors and two of the original King James translators assisted in the work.

     The 1638 edition of the KJV also dealt with printing errors, especially words and clauses overlooked by the printers. About 72% of the textual corrections in the KJV were done by 1638, only 27 years after the first printing.

     Please bear in mind the fact that printing was a very laborious task prior to 1800. Publishing a flawless work was almost impossible. Even today, with computers and advanced word processors, printing errors are still frequently made. Imagine what it was like in the 1600's!

     Then, in 1762 and 1769, two final editions of the KJV were published. Both of these involved spelling changes, which became necessary as the English language became more stabilized and spelling rules were established.

     There were no new translations and there were really no new revisions published in 1629, 1638, 1762, or 1769. These were simply EDITIONS of the 1611 KJV, which corrected printing errors and spelling. Those who try to equate these editions with the modern translations are just being deceitful or are not informed of the proper circumstances. The many other so-called "revisions" of the KJV that occurred in 1613, 1616, 1617, and 1743 are nothing more than running changes and touch-up work at the printers. The REAL revisions and translations do not start appearing until 1881 (RV) and 1901 (ASV). So if someone asks you, " So which King James Bible do you have, the 1611, the 1629, the 1638, the 1762, or the 1769? ", you can simply state that you have a 1769 edition of the King James 1611 Authorized Version.

1.Introduction
     Two of the greatest deceptions ever to confront the human race came to the fore-front in the 19th century. Deceptions so subtle and dangerous that between them they have destroyed the faith of millions of souls in and out of the Christian Church.
1. The unproven theory of evolution: Fascinating, plausible and seized upon by the godless mind which chafes at the commandments of the Almighty God.
2. The Revised Version: A book posing as the Word of God. A version as corrupt as it was potent, for it has spawned a host of unholy offspring.

     The first deception has turned hundreds of millions away from the Christian church, for it taught that the very first chapter of the Bible was not really true but legend. This pernicious theory is still taught as fact in thousands of colleges and schools the world over.

     The second deception, the Revised Bible is equally as dangerous. For it casts doubt on the real Word of God and starves believers of the Bread of Life. Sadly, it is also taught in thousands of churches, Bible schools and religious colleges the world over.

     This article deals with the second deception. Read it with special care several times over because if you have avoided the first deception, you are most certainly the target of the second.

Divine Inspiration
     Millions of Christians believe, and rightly so, in the divine and verbal inspiration of the Bible. That the Holy Ghost motivated the minds of the prophets and apostles of old to pen every word of Scripture. Our faith in divine inspiration is based on Bible texts such as:
- 2 Timothy 3:16 All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness.
- 2 Peter 1:19-21 We have also a more sure word of prophecy; whereunto ye do well that ye take heed, as unto a light that shineth in a dark place, until the day dawn, and the day star arise in your hearts. 20 Knowing this first, that no prophecy of the scripture is of any private interpretation. 21 For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost.

Providential Preservation
     Millions also believe in the providential preservation of the Bible. That JEHOVAH, the Holy One of Israel has also preserved His Word down through the ages and that His work of preservation is every bit as important as His initial work of inspiration. After all, it would have been of limited value if the original inspired Scriptures were lost to posterity a few decades after being penned. Providential preservation in other words, is as essential a work as that of divine inspiration.

Our faith in providential preservation is based on Bible Scriptures such as:
- Psalm 12: 6-7 The words of the LORD are pure words: as silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times. 7 Thou shalt keep them, O LORD, thou shalt preserve them from this generation for ever.
- Psalm 119:89 For ever, O LORD, thy word is settled in Heaven.
- Psalm 119:111 Thy testimonies have I taken as an heritage for ever: for they are the rejoicing of my heart.
- Psalm 119:152 Concerning thy testimonies, I have known of old that thou hast founded them for ever.
- Ecclesiastes 3:14 I know that, whatsoever God doeth, it shall be for ever: nothing can be put to it, nor any thing taken from it: and God doeth it, that men should fear before him.
- Matthew 24:35 Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away.
- 1 Peter 1:23-25 Being born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God, which liveth and abideth for ever. 24 For all flesh is as grass, and all the glory of man as the flower of grass. The grass withereth, and the flower thereof falleth away. 25 But the word of the LORD endureth for ever. And this is the word which by the gospel is preached unto you.

     Concerning Providential Preservation the Westminster Confession of Faith ( 17th century ) says this on page 23: " The Old Testament in Hebrew and the New Testament in Greek, being immediately inspired by God and by His singular care and providence kept pure in all ages, are therefore authentical, so as in all controversies of religion the Church is finally to appeal unto them. "

     In the past most Christians accepted these facts but of late there are a growing number who have strong reservations about divine preservation. They will allow that the original autographs, which of course are no longer available were inspired. But they have strong reservations about divine preservation. They believe that much of Scripture is in need of update because some of the oldest manuscripts were not available to the 17th century translators of the King James Version ( KJV ). That is why they maintain, the Revised Version of 1811 and its many descendants became necessary and how that each new English translation ( well over 100 at the present count ) is an improvement on the one that went before. In other words, the Bible is also evolving and each new version brings us one step nearer the original.

     This is an extremely disturbing development. When we examine modern translations, ( which are all based on the Revised Version of 1811 ) we find they do not simply use modern language. But they say things entirely different from the early English and foreign language versions of the Scriptures, which in past centuries God used to further His work.

In this article you will learn many startling facts about the modern English translations of the Bible:
- They all present conflicting messages with the King James Version and even with each other.
- They omit many words, verses and passages of Scripture.
- They all cast doubt on the accuracy of the KJV and several fundamental doctrines taught in it, such as the virgin birth of Jesus Christ, His divinity, His miracles, His bodily ascension to heaven and His second coming.
- They all disagree on major doctrinal points with other early European versions of the Bible which triggered the great Protestant Reformation and for which tens of thousands of true believers died during the dark ages.
- They are warmly welcomed by the Roman Catholic Church which has long considered the King James Bible its number one enemy.

These discoveries are disturbing to say the least and should cause true believers to ask:
- Is all this true, are these allegations justified?
- If so, what spirit is behind the deception and confusion caused by the modern translations?

     Visit any Bible study group where believers are using a variety of modern " Bibles " and comments such as these are common:
- My Bible puts it this way.
- My Bible doesn't even have that verse.
- Listen to this Note about ancient and more reliable manuscripts.
- My Bible says something totally different.
- My Bible says the very opposite.

     The question is: Which english Bible is the real Word of God? Anyone can see that they cannot all be the Word of God if they are saying different things. After all, God doesn't contradict Himself and is certainly not the author of confusion.

" ADDED " 1 Corinthians 14:33 For God is not the author of confusion, but of peace, as in all churches of the saints.

     Scores of conflicting translation ( all claiming to be His Word ) cannot possibly be the work of the Spirit of Jehovah. Besides, would the Almighty flood the English-speaking world with well over 100 conflicting translations of the whole Bible and over 300 translations of the New Testament? Of course not, the very idea is ludicrous if not blasphemous. Something is terribly wrong somewhere and it's time we find out.

Since my conversion in 1952, when I was 21 years old. I have used a number of modern versions and translations of the Bible:
- The Revised Version
- The Moffatt Bible
- The Revised Standard Version
- The Amplified Bible
- The Living Bible
- The New English Bible
- The Knox Bible
- The Good News for Modern Man
- The Jerusalem Bible
- The New American Standard
- The New International Version

     During all that time I also used the King James Version, also called the Authorized Version. But never in all those 45 years did I suspect that anything was seriously amiss with the modern Bibles or that they are all dangerously flawed! To be sure I knew that some paraphrased publications, such as the Living Bible, could not be relied upon when deciding doctrine and that others had several uninspired books ( like the Apocrypha ) but never in the past 45 years did I suspect that EVERY modern English Bible cannot truthfully be called the HOLY BIBLE, the WORD OF GOD! When and how did I find out? Let me tell you my story.

     In February 1996 at the age of 65 years I suffered a massive heart attack and was forced to spend weeks in bed. I was unable to move around much, and even a short walk was an ordeal. For months I was virtually house-bound. What did I do? I did the very best thing I could; I gave myself over to prayer and Bible study. There really was little else I could manage without pain.

     With the help of several reference books and modern versions of the Bible ( I possess about 20 ) I began an exhaustive study of the History of the Bible, of how we got our Bible in the first place. This article tells of my findings, of facts so stunning that they shocked me more than any truth I have ever learned; including that of the true weekly Sabbath and Festivals of the God of Israel.

     I felt horrified to think that as the founder of Stewarton Bible School ( SBS ), with students in many countries, I had been deceived for so long and had been guilty of giving sincere students faulty advice. I determined that if JEHOVAH ( Yahweh ) the LORD God of Hosts would allow me to recover after a triple by-pass heart operation, I would join the growing band of believers who honour the King James Version and tell the world.

     This article is the result of my studies and I thank the Almighty for allowing me to live and place it on the Internet. The facts you are about to learn need to be studied prayerfully, several times over. Particular attention should be given to Part Two where many King James Bible texts are listed for comparison with the modern version/s you may currently be using. I will quote extensively from the reference books on Bible History mentioned in Part Three.

     If you are reading this article on the Internet, you are reminded that SBS publications do not carry a copyright clause. Feel free to download, print, photocopy and pass this article on to your friends, because believe it or not, the world is currently being starved of the real Word of God, the HOLY BIBLE! A great spiritual famine is overtaking mankind and as I was, the Christian Church is blissfully ignorant of its danger.

This article will answer the question: Which english Bible is the REAL WORD of God?

2. The Original Autographs
     As most believers know, the Bible is often referred to as " the Holy Scriptures ". It is made up of two parts, the Old and New Testaments. The Old Testament is a collection of 39 books, which were originally penned mostly in the Hebrew language. The New Testament is a collection of 27 books written originally in Greek. Though some portions were probably written in Hebrew or Aramaic, a north Semitic language. The original autographs ( masters ) were the hand-written scrolls penned by the inspired prophets and apostles. They were written on vellum ( the skins of clean animals, such as calf or antelope ) or papyrus. Vellum is more durable and costly than papyrus but an entire antelope skin would only furnish two or three pages of a manuscript.

     Because of this fact the vast majority of manuscripts were written on papyrus. Papyrus is a reed-like water plant with thick fibrous stems from which a kind of paper was made in ancient times. The average papyrus scroll was about ten inches in width and about thirty feet in length. After years of constant use, ( being rolled and unrolled ) the original autographs ( master scrolls ) especially those of papyrus, became worn and began to fall apart.

3. Copies of the Masters
     Before the original masters completely disintegrated they were carefully copied. The Almighty who had initially inspired their production, then moved His faithful followers ( first the Aaronic Priests and later the Masorites ) to make copies of the originals. Thus began the work of providential preservation. After all, it would have been short-sighted of God to infallibly inspire the Scriptures only to have them discarded after a few decades. Jehovah had to preserve His Word in accurate copies for the following statements to be true.

Divine Preservation
- Psalm 12: 6-7 The words of the LORD are pure words: as silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times. 7 Thou shalt keep them, O LORD, thou shalt preserve them from this generation for ever.
- Matthew 24:35 Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away.
- 1 Peter 1:25 But the word of the LORD endureth for ever. And this is the word which by the gospel is preached unto you.

A Divine Warning
     The God of Israel anticipated Satan's intended attack on the Scriptures and how the enemy of souls would seek to frustrate His work of preservation and cause unbelieving scribes to add to, delete and distort the sacred writings. That is why this solemn, yet frightening warning appears at the end of the Bible. It not only addresses copyists and translators who intentionally corrupt Jehovah's Word but also those who knowingly promote their corrupted publications.

Revelation 22:18-19 For I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book, If any man shall add unto these things, God shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book. 19 And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book.

I repeat: To preserve His word, JEHOVAH the LORD God of Abraham, Isaac and Israel must ensure that accurate copies of the inspired masters be made. Or His promise that " The Word of the Lord abideth forever " was meaningless. So the Almighty caused faithful believers to copy His Word.

This is how He organized that work.

4. The Masorites
     The Masorites were Jewish scholars who like their predecessors the Aaronic Priests, had the sacred task of copying the Old Testament Hebrew Scriptures.

     In his book, Story of Our English Bible, W Scott wrote over a hundred years ago concerning the reliability of the copies made by these faithful priests and scribes: " It is well known that among the Jews it was the profession of the Masorites or doctors of tradition, to transcribe the scriptures. We know to what extent these indefatigable scholars carried their respect for the letter and when we read the rules under which their labors were carried on. We understand the use that the providence of God ( who had 'confided his oracles to the Jews ) made of their superstition. They reckoned the number of verses, words and letters in each book. They tell us for instance, that the letter A occurs forty-two thousand three hundred and seventy-seven times in the Bible. The letter B thirty-eight thousand two hundred and eighteen times and so on to the end. They were scrupulous of changing the position even of a letter, though evidently misplaced but limited themselves to noting in the margin, supposing some mystery was involved. They tell us which is the middle letter of the Pentateuch as well as of each of the books of which it is composed.
     They never allowed themselves to correct their manuscript and if any mistake escaped them, they rejected the papyrus or the skin which they had blemished and recommenced upon a fresh one for they were equally interdicted from even correcting one of their own errors and from retaining for their sacred volume a single parchment or skin in which an error had been made.
     These facts, we repeat it, together with the astonishing preservation of the Hebrew text ( 1200 years more ancient than that of the Septuagint ) plainly tell us how the intervention of the mighty hand of God was needed in the destinies of the sacred book. " ( Ref: A1 )

     In his book, God Wrote Only One Bible, Jasper James Ray confirms this fact about the faithfulness displayed by these ancient scribes in copying the Scriptures. He writes: " In making copies of the original manuscripts, the Jewish scribes exercised the greatest possible care. When they wrote the name of God in any form they were to reverently wipe their pen and wash their whole body before writing " Jehovah " lest that holy name should be tainted even in writing. The new copy was examined and carefully checked with the original almost immediately and it is said that if only one incorrect letter was discovered the whole copy was rejected. Each new copy had to be made from an approved manuscript, written with a special kind of ink upon skins made from a clean animal. The writer had to pronounce aloud each word before writing it. In no case was the written word to be written from memory. " ( Ref: D1 )

     It is a sad fact that the Gentiles who copied the New Testament Scriptures were not as diligent as the ancient Aaronic scribes and Masorites. Therefore, it is in the New Testament texts where most errors are found.

5. Manuscripts
     A manuscript is a hand-written document, not one that is typed or printed. The word manuscript is often abbreviated as MS or ms ( singular ) and MSS or mss ( plural ). There are currently between 5250 and 5309 extant ( existing ) manuscripts of the Scriptures or parts of them.

Manuscripts fall into two categories:
- Masters: These were the original autographs. There are currently no original autographs or masters in existence. They have all long since been replaced by copies.
- Copies: These are hand-written copies of the masters or hand-written copies of earlier copies. Some 5000+ hand-written copies of the whole or parts of Scripture are still in existence.

Manuscripts produced by the early Christians fall into three categories:
- Copies of masters or of earlier copies.
- Versions: These are translations of Scripture made directly from the original languages. For example from Hebrew or Greek into Syriac, Latin, German, English or French. A translation from Latin into English or from English into Chinese cannot strictly be called a version. It is simply a translation of a translation. Whereas a version is a translation from the original. Bear this important fact in mind.
- Church Fathers: Our third group is the early church fathers. These are the men who led the Christians in the first few centuries after the New Testament was completed. We have record of their early sermons, books and commentaries. They will be able to provide us with much information on disputed passages. Many may have seen the original autographs. ( Ref: B1 )

As regards the format of ancient manuscripts, they are often described as:
- Uncial or Majuscules: Written in capital letters with no spaces: e.g. NOMANHATHSEENGOD.
- Cursives or Miniscules: Written in small letters and later with spaces: e.g. No-man-hath-seen-god.

6. The Church Fathers
     Before the art of printing was known, ( before AD 1450 ) the church fathers of the early Christian era wrote ( by hand ) their letters, sermon notes, commentaries and books. Their manuscripts contain many quotations from the original autographs or the earliest copies. Some fathers had actually seen the New Testament autographs or very early copies and had personally hand-copied large portions of Scripture. The writings of these early elders help verify the original text and form a valuable source of information as to what the first apostles wrote.

     Scripture tells us that Satan began his attack on the New Testament Scriptures very early, even before the first apostles died. Listen to Paul's testimony concerning this matter about corrupting the Word of God and of some who even wrote letters as though they were composed by the apostle himself.

Paul writes:
- 2 Corinthians 2:17 For we are not as many, which corrupt the word of God: but as of sincerity, but as of God, in the sight of God speak we in Christ.
- 2 Thessalonians 2:2 That ye be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand.

     During the latter part of his life the apostle John strongly defended the Word of God. Being an eye-witness of many events involving the ministry of Yeshua the Messiah ( Jesus Christ ), John was well qualified to refute written or spoken error and to put the record straight. The enemies of truth had this reliable eye-witness banished to the island of Patmos.

John writes: Revelation 1:9 I John, who also am your brother, and companion in tribulation, and in the kingdom and patience of Jesus Christ, was in the isle that is called Patmos , for the word of God, and for the testimony of Jesus Christ.

     There were many church fathers who hand-copied the whole or portions of Scripture. Let me mention a few who greatly influenced the church, particularly in Europe.

     In his book, Story of Our English Bible. W Scott wrote: " Crysostom, the most eloquent of the fathers, spoke of them ( the Scriptures ) as The Divine Books. Polycarp, who lived at a still earlier date, having been personally instructed by the Apostle John. Spoke of the Bible as The Sacred Scriptures and also the Oracles of the Lord. Clement of Rome, whom Paul styles his " fellow-laborer "
( Phil.1V.3 ) termed the Scriptures "The True Sayings of the Holy Spirit ". Irenaeus of the second century, makes about 1200 citations or references from the New Testament. Tertullian also of the second century refers to or quotes from the New Testament about 2500 times. Clement of Alexandria, another of the second century Fathers, cites from or refers to the New Testament 800 times. And Polycarp already referred to, in a brief epistle addressed to the Philippians, quotes from the New Testament about 50 times. " ( Ref: A6 )

" ADDED " Philippians 1:3 I thank my God upon every remembrance of you.

Lucian of Antioch
Lucian ( AD 250-312 ) was born in Antioch in Syria where the early believers in Jesus were first called Christians.

" ADDED " Acts 11:26 And when he had found him, he brought him unto Antioch. And it came to pass, that a whole year they assembled themselves with the church, and taught much people. And the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch.

In his book, Truth Triumphant Benjamin George Wilkinson PhD writes about Lucian: " Lucian founded a college at Antioch, which strove to counteract the dangerous ecclesiastical alliance between Rome and Alexandria. How bitter the situation became and how it finally split West and East will be clarified by the following four facts:
- First: Fhe original founders of the ecclesiastical college at Alexandria strove to exalt tradition. Justin Martyr as early as 150, had stood for this.
- Second: Clement, most famous of the Alexandrian college faculty and a teacher of Origin, boasted that he would not teach Christianity unless it was mixed with pagan philosophy.
- Third: Victor 1 Bishop of Rome, entered a compact with Clement about 190 to carry on research around the Mediterranean basin to secure support to help make Sunday the prominent day of worship in the church. Sunday was already a day exalted among the heathen, being a day on which they worshipped the sun. Yet Rome and Alexandria well knew that most churches throughout the world sanctified Saturday as the Sabbath of the fourth commandment.
- Fourth: When Victor 1 in lordly tones, pronounced excommunication on all the churches of the East who would not with him make Easter always come on Sunday. Alexandria supported this exhibition of spiritual tyranny by the bishop of Rome. Lucian opposed Alexandria's policies and for this has been bitterly hated and his name kept in the background. " ( Ref: J1 )

Patrick in Ireland
     Patrick belonged to the Celtic race. Tradition has it that he was born about AD 360 in the kingdom of Strathclyde in Scotland.

Wilkinson writes of Patrick: " Patrick preached the Bible. He appealed to it as the sole authority for founding the Irish Church. He gave credit to no other worldly authority, he recited no creed. Several official creeds of the church of Rome had by that time been ratified and commanded but Patrick mentions none.
     In his Confession he makes a brief statement of his beliefs but he does not refer to any church council or creed as authority. The training centers he founded, which later grew into colleges and large universities were all Bible schools. Famous students of these schools - Columba, who brought Scotland to Christ, Adrian, who won pagan England to the gospel and Columbanus with his successors, who brought Christianity to Germany, France, Switzerland and Italy. Took the Bible as their only authority and founded renowned Bible training centers for the Christian believers.
     One authority describing the hand-written Bibles produced at these schools says, 'In delicacy of handling and minute but faultless execution, the whole range of palaeography offers nothing comparable to these early Irish manuscripts… Patrick, like his example Jesus, put the words of Scripture above the teachings of men. He differs from the papacy, which puts church tradition above the Bible.
     In his writings he nowhere appeals to the church of Rome for the authorization of his mission. Whenever he speaks in defense of his mission, he refers to God alone and declares that he received his call direct from heaven.
     Patrick believed that Christianity should be founded with the home and the family as its strength. Too often the Christian organizations of that age were centered in celibacy. This was not true in the Irish church and its Celtic daughters in Great Britain, Scotland and on the continent. The Celtic Church, as organized and developed under Patrick, permitted its clergy to marry. " ( Ref: J3 )

Columba in Scotland
     Columba " an Irishman " was born in Donegal in 521 and both his parents were of royal stock. He founded a memorable college on the small island of Iona which was a lighthouse of truth in Europe for centuries. That the Celtic, not the Latin race populated the British Isles was a determining factor for the Christian churches in which Patrick had been reared received their doctrine not from Rome but from their brethren of the same faith in Asia Minor.
     Here was the link which connected the faith of Patrick and Columba with primitive Christianity. The farthest lands touching the Atlantic saw the rise of a vigorous apostolic Christianity not connected with the Church of Rome but independent of it.
     Columba possessed a superior education. He was familiar with Latin and Greek, secular and ecclesiastical history, the principals of jurisprudence, the law of nations, the science of medicine and the law of the mind. He was the greatest Irishman of the Celtic race in mental powers and he founded in Iona the most learned school in the British Islands and probably in Western Europe for a long period… " ( Ref: J4 )

     Comparatively few Christians know that Columba kept the seventh day of the week ( Saturday ) as the Sabbath of the fourth commandment.

Wilkinson writes about this little known fact. The last hours of Columba are recorded as follows:
" Having continued his labors in Scotland thirty four years, he clearly and openly foretold his death. And on Saturday, the ninth of June said to his disciple Diermit. ' This day is called the Sabbath, that is the day of rest and such will it truly be to me. For it will put an end to my labors.' " ( Ref: J5 )

     We in Scotland are greatly indebted to Columba who founded many churches in this country. He is credited with having hand-copied the New Testament 300 times! His writings show that he used the Itala version of the Bible. In Stewarton, there is a church called St Columba's Church.

7. Ancient Versions
     Bear in mind that a version is a translation made directly from the original Hebrew or Greek: i.e. from Hebrew or Greek into Syriac, Latin or English. Whereas a translation of a version into yet another language is simply called a translation. Bible versions were made in several languages within a few years of the New Testament's creation. This was rare in the ancient world for any book.

Josh McDowell writes on pages 16-17 of his book: Answers to Tough Questions " Translation of a document into another language was rare in the ancient world, so this is an added plus for the New Testament. The number of copies of the versions is in excess of 18,000 with possibly as many as 25,000. This is further evidence that helps us establish the New Testament text.
     Even if we did not possess the 5,500 Greek manuscripts or the 18,000 copies of the versions, the text of the New Testament could still be reproduced within 250 years from its composition. How? By the writing of the early Christians. In commentaries, letters, etc. These ancient writers quote biblical text, thus giving us another witness to the text of the New Testament.
     John Burgon has catalogued more than 86,000 citations of the New Testament in the writings of the early church fathers who lived before AD 325. Thus we observe that there is so much more evidence for the reliability of the New Testament text than any other comparable writings in the ancient world. " ( Ref: M1 )

In his book: Final Authority William P Grady quotes John Burgon on pages 33-34 concerning the reliability of a version over any single manuscript. " I suppose it may be laid down that an ancient Version outweighs any single Codex, ancient or modern, which can be named. The reason being that it is scarcely credible that a Version ( the Peshitto for example, an Egyptian or the Gothic ) can have been executed from a single exemplar copy.
     A second reason for the value of ancient versions is in their ability to exhibit a text, which antedates the oldest Greek manuscripts. Readings which are challenged in the Authorized Version for their non-existence in the two most ancient authorities ( Codex Sinaiticus or A and Codex Vaticanus, or B, fourth century ) are frequently discovered in the Syrian and Latin translations of the second century. "

     In the course of time, many versions ( translations from the original language ) of Scripture were made. Let us now consider a few.

The Peshitta Version ( AD 150 )
     The Peshitta was the first Syrian translation from the original languages. Even to this day there are around 350 copies of the Peshitta ( or Peshitto ) version in existence. In his book: Which Bible? David O Fuller writes this of the Peshitto: " It was at Antioch ( capital of Syria ) that the believers were first called Christians. And as time rolled on, the Syrian-speaking Christians could be numbered by the thousands. It is generally admitted that the Bible was translated from the original languages into Syrian about 150 AD. This version is known as the Peshitto ( the correct or simple ). This Bible even today generally follows the Received Text. One authority tells us this: 'The Peshitto in our days is found in use amongst the Nestorians who have always kept it by the Monophysites on the plains of Syria, the Christians of St.Thomas in Malabar and by the Maronites on the mountain terraces of Lebanon'. " ( Ref: F8 )

The Old Latin Vulgate ( AD 157 )
     The word " vulgate " is Latin for vulgar or common. The Old Latin Vulgate is a version. It was used by early believers in Europe when Latin was popular. It was often referred to as the Itala version.

     The Old Latin Vulgate must not be confused with Jerome's Vulgate, which was produced over 220 years later in AD 380. Jerome's Vulgate ( also written in Latin for the Roman Church ) was rejected by the early Christians for almost a millennium. The Waldenses, Gauls, Celts, Albegenses and other groups throughout Europe used the Old Latin Vulgate and rejected Jerome's Vulgate.

In his book: An Understandable History of the Bible Rev. Samuel Gipp Th.D confirms this fact. He writes: " The Old Latin Vulgate was used by the Christians in the churches of the Waldenses, Gauls, Celts, Albegenses and other fundamental groups throughout Europe. This Latin version became so used and beloved by orthodox Christians and was in such common use by the common people that it assumed the term 'Vulgate' as a name. Vulgate comes from 'vulgar' which is the Latin word for 'common'. It was so esteemed for its faithfulness to the deity of Christ and its accurate reproductions of the originals that these early Christians let Jerome's Roman Catholic translation sit on the shelf. Jerome's translation was not used by the true Biblical Christians for almost a millennium after it was translated from corrupted manuscripts by Jerome in AD 380. Even then it only came into usage due to the death of Latin as a common language and the violent, wicked persecutions waged against true believers by Pope Gregory IX during his reign from 1227 to 1242 AD. " ( Ref: B2 )

David Fuller confirms this fact: " It is clearly evident that the Latin Bible of early British Christianity was not the Latin Bible ( Vulgate ) of the Papacy. " ( Ref: F9 )

The Italic Bible ( AD 157 )
" Italy, France and Great Britain were once provinces of the old Roman Empire. Latin was then the language of the common people. So the first translations of the Bible in these countries were made from the Greek Vulgate into Latin. One of the first of these Latin Bibles was for the Waldenses in northern Italy, translated not later than 157 AD and was known as the Italic Version. The renowned scholar Beza states that the Italic Church dates from 120 AD. Allix, an outstanding scholar, testifies that enemies had corrupted many manuscripts, while the Italic Church handed them down in their apostolic purity. " ( Ref: D2 )

The Waldensian ( AD 120 & onwards )
" The Waldenses were among the first of the peoples of Europe to obtain a translation of the Holy Scriptures. Hundreds of years before the Reformation, they possessed a Bible in manuscript in their native tongue. They had the truth unadulterated, and this rendered them the special objects of hatred and persecution …Here for a thousand years, witnesses for the truth maintained the ancient faith…In a most wonderful manner it ( the Word of Truth ) was preserved uncorrupted through all the ages of darkness. " ( Ref: F7 )

- The Gallic Bible ( Southern France ) ( AD 177 )
- The Gothic Bible ( AD 330-350 )
- The Old Syriac Bible ( AD 400 )
- The Armenian Bible ( AD 400 ) There are 1244 copies of this version still in existence.
- The Palestinian Syriac ( AD 450 )
- The French Bible of Oliveton ( AD 1535 )
- The Czech Bible ( AD 1602 )
- The Italian Bible of Diodati ( AD 1606 )
- The Greek Orthodox Bible: Used from Apostolic times to the present by the Greek Orthodox Church.

     All the above mentioned Bibles and the vast majority ( about 99% ) of the 5200 extant New Testament MSS are in agreement with the text now known as Textus Receptus, the Text which underlies the Authorized King James Bible.

English Bibles
John Wycliffe's Translation ( 1380-82 ) This was the first manuscript ( hand-written ) Bible in the English language. Strictly speaking, it was not a version but a translation into English from the Old Latin Vulgate. Wycliffe, often described as the 'Morning Star of the Reformation' was an able Latin scholar. Alas! So hated was he for making Scripture available to the common man that some 44 years after his death his bones were dug up, burned and his ashes cast into the river Swift.

William Tyndale's New Testament ( 1526 ) This was the first printed Testament in the English language. Unlike Wycliffe's translation, Tyndale's New Testament was translated directly from the Greek, from the Majority Text, now known as Textus Receptus. More about this Text later. Tyndale's work, in other words, was a 'version'. The first printings of Tyndale's version were burned at St Paul's Cross ( London ). At that time it was a grievous offense, punishable by fine, imprisonment or death to even possess a copy of Tyndale's New Testament.

- It was said of William Tyndale that he was: " A man so skilled in the seven languages, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Italian, Spanish, English and French, that which ever he spake, you would suppose it his native tongue. " ( Ref: E4 )
- He it was who said to the ignorant clerics of his day that he would 'cause the boy who driveth the plow to know more of the Scriptures than them'.
" Before Tyndale's day, the English versions of the Bible had been translations of a translation, being derived from the Vulgate or older Latin versions. Tyndale, for the first time, went back to the original Hebrew and Greek. And not only did he go back to the original languages seeking for the truth but he embodied that truth when found in so noble a translation that it has ever since been deemed wise by scholars and revisers to make but a few changes in it. Consequently every succeeding version is in reality little more than a revision of Tyndale's. It has been truly said that the peculiar genius which breathes through the English Bible, the mingled tenderness and majesty, the Saxon simplicity, the grandeur-unequalled, unapproached in the attempted improvements of modern scholars-all are here and bear the impress of the mind of one man and that man is William Tyndale. " ( Ref: E5 )
- Tyndale suffered the wrath of blind ecclesiastical authority. He was burned at the stake! " The martyr was first confined in the castle of Filford about 20 miles from Antwerp. He was taken from prison on Friday, October 6th 1536, fastened to the stake, strangled and his body burned to ashes. The fervent prayer of the martyr Tyndale, when bound to the stake, 'Lord, open the King of England's eyes,' was about to be answered shortly. " ( Ref: A3 )
- David Fuller writes of Tyndale: " In the Reformation period the Church of Rome sought to maintain its dominant position by burning not only the copies of the bible but also those who recognized the supreme authority of God's word. Tyndale was burned at the stake at Vilvorde outside Brussels in Belgium on August 6, (October according to some historians) 1536. His great offence was that he had translated the scriptures into English and was making copies available against the wishes of the Roman catholic hierarchy. " ( Ref: F3 )

Miles Coverdale's Bible ( 1535 ) This was the first complete Bible in the English language. Coverdale was not the scholar Tyndale was, for his translation relied heavily on Tyndale and Luther's German Bible. It was printed just one year before his friend Tyndale was martyred.

Matthew's Bible ( 1500-1555 ) This was the first Bible issued with the king's license. It was mostly taken from Tyndale's and Coverdale's work which had gone before. It was printed in Hamburg by the king's printer John Rogers and was dedicated to Henry VIII by Rogers under the name Thomas Matthew, hence its name.

The Great Bible ( 1539 ) This Bible was printed in large folio ( 15x9 inches ) hence its name. It was printed in Paris and was mostly a revision of Tyndale's and Matthew's work which went before.

The Geneva Version ( 1560 ) During the reign of the Catholic Queen Mary, many Protestant believers from Britain fled to the Continent. The Scot John Knox was one. The Geneva Bible is a true 'version' having been translated from the original Hebrew and Greek throughout.
- " A number of these intellectual pilgrims rendezvoused in Geneva ( known as the Holy City of the Alps ) to form the first committee to attempt a translation of the Bible. Such men as Theodore Beza, John Knox, William Whittingham and Miles Coverdale laboured six years to produce the celebrated Geneva Bible in 1560. Although this Bible was the first to feature numbered verses and italics, its main achievement was the Hebrew to English rendering of Ezra through Malachi, thus representing the first English Bible translated entirely out of the original languages. " ( Ref: E6 )
- " The Geneva Bible was the first complete translation into English from the originals throughout. It was addressed to 'the brethren of England, Scotland and Ireland. There were two Bibles at this time in general use in England. The Geneva Bible was the more popular of the two and was generally read in the household and in private study of the Word by the people. The Cranmer or Bishops Bible was the one however, which obtained most favor amongst the clergy and was read in churches. " ( Ref: A4 )

The Bishops' Bible ( 1568 ) " Archbishop Parker was the master mind in the preparation of this new edition of the Holy Scriptures, assisted by about 15 scholarly men. He distributed the 'Cranmer Bible' into parts, assigning portions to various learned bishops, the whole being subject to his own personal supervision. The large number of the revisers being from the Episcopal bench gave the name and character to this bible. It was printed in large size and beautifully executed. It was adorned with numerous cuts; its notes were brief and like the Geneva Bible, was divided into verses. It was used in the Churches for about 40 years. Various revised additions of the Bishops Bible were published. Soon after the appearance of the Authorized Version of 1611, the Bishops' Bible - the last edition of which was published about five years before its noble successor - fell into general disuse… " ( Ref: A5 )

The King James Version ( 1611 ) This is the Real Word of God for our generation. The Almighty has used it to further His work for coming on 400 years. See Section 10 for further details of this Bible.

8. Textus Receptus-The Majority Text
     Before we consider the King James Version ( KJV ) and a few of the modern translations in use today, let us first consider certain Greek texts from which all New Testament translations are derived. Foremost amongst these is the Traditional Received Text ( Textus Receptus ), also called the Byzantine Text or the Majority Text because it is based on the vast majority of manuscripts still in existence. These extant manuscripts ( MSS ) were brought together by various editors such as Lucian ( AD 250-312 ), Erasmus, Stephanus, Beza and the Elzevir brothers to form the text known as Textus Receptus, the name given to the Majority Text in the 17th century. The most notable editor of all was Desiderius Erasmus ( 1466-1536 ) one of the greatest scholars the world has ever known. When the early Protestant Reformers of the 16th and 17th centuries decided to translate the Scriptures directly from Greek into the languages of Europe, they selected the Textus Receptus as their foundation Greek document. It is vitally important to understand why they did so.

Wilkinson writes in his book: Truth Triumphant " The Protestant denominations are built upon that manuscript of the Greek New Testament sometimes called Textus Receptus or the Received Text. It is that Greek New Testament from which the writings of the apostles in Greek have been translated into English, German, Dutch and other languages. During the dark ages, the Received Text was practically unknown outside the Greek Church. It was restored to Christendom by the labors of that great scholar Erasmus. It is altogether too little known that the real editor of the Received Text was Lucian. None of Lucian's enemies fails to credit him with this work. Neither Lucian nor Erasmus but rather the apostles wrote the Greek New Testament. However, Lucian's day was an age of apostasy when a flood of deprivations was systematically attempting to devastate both the Bible manuscripts and Bible theology. Origin of the Alexandrian college made his editions and commentaries of the Bible a secure retreat for all errors and deformed them with philosophical speculations introducing casuistry and lying. Lucian's unrivaled success in verifying, safeguarding and transmitting those divine writings left a heritage for which all generations should be thankful. " ( Ref: J2 )

Two Bibles
In his book: Which Bible? David Otis Fuller says this about Textus Receptus. Carefully note Fuller's first point that all churches ( we could add all Bible students ) fall into one of two study categories:
- Those who use a variety of Bibles influenced by the Minority Text ( the Nestle / Aland Text ). For 45 years I was in this camp but I thank God I had my eyes opened.
- Those who only study Bibles based on the Received Text ( Textus Receptus ). I have joined this camp.

Fuller writes: " First of all, the Textus Receptus was the Bible of early Eastern Christianity. Later it was adopted as the official text of the Greek Catholic Church. There were local reasons which contributed to this result. But probably far greater reasons will be found in the fact that the Received Text had authority enough to become, either in itself or by its translation. The Bible of the great Syrian Church of the Waldensian Church of northern Italy of the Gallic Church in southern France. And of the Celtic Church in Scotland and Ireland as well as the official Bible of the Greek Catholic Church.

     All these churches, some earlier, some later, were in opposition to the Church of Rome and at a time when the Received Text and these Bibles of the Constantine type were rivals. They, as represented in their descendants, are rivals to this day. The Church of Rome built on the Eusebio-Origen type of Bible. These others built on the Received Text. Therefore, because they themselves believed that the Received Text was the true apostolic Bible. And further, because the Church of Rome arrogated to itself the power to choose a Bible, which bore the marks of systematic depravation, we have the testimony of these five churches to the authenticity and the apostolicity of the Received Text. "
( Ref: F1 )

     Why did the early churches of the 2nd and 3rd centuries and all the Protestant Reformers of the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries choose Textus Receptus in preference to the Minority Text?

The answer is:
- Textus Receptus is based on the vast majority ( 90% ) of the 5000+ Greek manuscripts in existence. That is why it is also called the Majority Text.
- Textus Receptus is not mutilated with deletions, additions and amendments, as is the Minority Text.
- Textus Receptus agrees with the earliest versions of the Bible: Peshitta ( AD 150 ) Old Latin Vulgate
( AD 157 ), the Italic Bible ( AD 157 ) etc. These Bibles were produced some 200 years before the minority Egyptian codices favored by the Roman Church. Remember this vital point.
- Textus Receptus agrees with the vast majority of the 86,000+ citations from scripture by the early church fathers.
- Textus Receptus is untainted with Egyptian philosophy and unbelief.
- Textus Receptus strongly upholds the fundamental doctrines of the Christian faith, the creation account in Genesis, the divinity of Jesus Christ, the virgin birth, his miracles, his bodily resurrection and literal return.
- Textus Receptus was ( and still is ) the enemy of the Roman Church. Remember this important fact.

Reverend Gipp comments further: " The Majority Text has been known throughout history by several names. It has been known as the Byzantine text, the Imperial Text, the Traditional Text and the Reformation Text as well as the Majority Text. This text culminates in the TEXTUS RECEPTUS or Received Text, which is the basis for the King James Bible, which we know also as the Authorized Version.... We describe this text with the term " Universal " because it represents the majority of extant MSS, which represent the original autographs. Professor Hodges of Dallas Theological Seminary explains. ' The manuscript of an ancient book will, under any but the most exceptional conditions, multiply in a reasonable regular fashion with the result that the copies nearest the autograph will normally have the largest number of descendants.' " ( Ref: B3 )

Continuing from page 66 in Gipp's book: " Professor Hodges concludes, Thus the Majority text, upon which the King James Version is based, has in reality the strongest claim possible to be regarded as an authentic representation of the original text. This claim is quite independent of any shifting consensus of scholarly judgment about its readings and is based on the objective reality of its dominance in the transmissional history of the New Testament text. " ( Ref: B4 )

In his book: God Wrote Only One Bible, Jasper J Ray pens the following testimony about Textus Receptus: " Wonder of wonders, in the midst of all the present confusion regarding manuscripts, we still have a Bible we can trust. The writing of the word of God by inspiration is no greater miracle than the miracle of its preservation in the Textus Receptus. All criticism of this text from which was translated the King James Bible, is based upon an unproved hypothesis: i.e. that there are older and more dependable copies of the original Bible manuscripts. No one in nineteen hundred years, has been able to prove that one jot or tittle has been inserted or taken out. " ( Ref: D3 )

In his book: Final Authority, William P Grady provides further interesting details about Textus Receptus. " For instance, over 5,000 Greek manuscripts of the New Testament exist today ranging from small fragments containing two or three verses to nearly entire Bibles. Their ages vary from the second to the sixteenth century, the manuscripts are ending with the arrival of printing. By comparison, there exist only ten quality manuscripts of Caesar's Gallic War composed between 58-50BC… " Once again, the outstanding features of the Received Text is its high percentage of agreement among so many thousands of independent witnesses. This agreement is often placed at about 90 percent. In other words, 90 percent of all existing manuscripts agree with one another so miraculously that they are able to form their own unique text…

     If the critic of your King James Bible is correct in his rejection of the underlying Textus Receptus, then he is also under the greatest pressure to account for its existence. To complain of fabrication is one thing but to account for its universal prevalence is quite another. Whenever a large body of ancient documents are seen to be in agreement, this inexplicable harmony becomes their greatest evidence for legitimacy. Simple arithmetic confirms that the nearer a particular reading is to the original. The longer the time span will be for descendants to follow. The longer the family is, the older the original source must be. " ( Ref: E1 )

9. The Minority Text
     There are other extant Greek texts which are referred to as the 'Minority Texts' simply because they represent only about 5% of existing manuscripts. Another 5% are neutral texts, sometimes agreeing with the majority and at others with the minority. The 'Minority Texts' are also known as the Alexandrian Texts because they were produced in Alexandria in Egypt. The Minority Texts were rejected by the early Christians and also by all the Protestant Reformers of the 16th and 17th centuries. The Reformers who were well aware of the existence of the Minority Texts, considered them unfit for translation purposes. These are very important points to bear in mind.

Why did the early Christians and the Protestant Reformers reject the Minority Texts?

The answer is:
- The Minority Texts were the work of unbelieving Egyptian scribes who did not accept the Bible as the Word of God or JESUS as the SON of GOD!
- The Minority Texts abound with alterations, often a single manuscript being amended by several different scribes over a period of many years. Something the Aaronic priests and Masorites would never have tolerated when making copies of the Scriptures.
- The Minority Texts omit approximately 200 verses from the Scriptures. This is equivalent to 1st and 2nd Peter.
- The Minority Texts contradict themselves in hundreds of places.
- The Minority Texts are doctrinally weak and often dangerously incorrect.

     Proof of these astonishing allegations will follow in Part Two where we will take a close look at some 80+ Bible verses corrupted by the Minority Text. Yet startling as it may sound, every modern English Bible relies on the Minority Text as its underlying New Testament text in preference to Textus Receptus! Isn't that an amazing revelation? What brought about this almost incredible switch from the reliable Textus Receptus, beloved by the early Christian church and the Protestant Reformers, to the corrupt minority text favored by the Roman Catholic Church? It is important that you find out soon because the modern " Bible " you may be faithfully studying every day is really nothing more than a counterfeit posing as the Word of God! If it is any consolation to you, do remember that I was equally in the dark and totally devastated by my findings.

Misleading Footnotes
     Modern translations abound with misleading footnotes, which do little else but cast doubt on the Authorized King James Version.

Examples are:
- The Hebrew of this line is obscure.
- The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain - or unknown.
- Other ancient mss add …
- Other ancient mss omit…
- Other ancient mss read …
- Other ancient mss insert…
- Some early mss read…
- The most ancient authorities omit John 7:53 - 8:11
- The best manuscripts omit this verse. ( e.g. Matthew.17:21, 18:11, 23:14, Mark 7:16, John 5:4 )
- Some of the most ancient authorities bring the book ( Mark ) to a close at the end of Mark 16:8
- Many mss do not contain the remainder of this verse. ( e.g. Acts 8:37 )
- Many ancient authorities read…
- Not found in most of the old mss. ( e.g. John 7:53-8:11 )

     In this article we will not analyze these footnotes, simply because there are scores of them scattered throughout the modern translations and each has a slightly different slant. However, one thing they all have in common and that is, they ALL cast doubt on the accuracy of the Authorized King James Bible! By implication, they all claim to be more accurate and reliable.

     In the preface of the Revised Standard Version ( RSV ) we read this misleading statement. " Yet the King James Version has grave defects. " Oh how subtle is Satan, how evil and how sinister! The fact is: The very opposite is true. The King James Version is infinitely more accurate and reliable than ANY modern English translation on the market today. And that is why for the past 386 years ( at the time of this writing ) it has had  ( and continues to have ) the blessing of the Almighty upon it. Something no modern version or translation can come anywhere near. Most, after a decade or two, disappear from the book shops, only to re-appear some years later with a few alterations under a new name.

- How did it happen that the Minority Text supplanted the trustworthy and respected Textus Receptus, which triggered the great Protestant Reformation during which tens of thousands of true believers perished by flame, famine and torture?
- Who is behind this dangerous deception that has engulfed the Christian Church?
- Do you know?
- Do you care?
- Is it important?
- Does it really matter?

     I most certainly didn't know. But I do believe that it is vitally important that every believer know that Satan is behind it. Not any particular Church, its leaders or its members. But the great enemy of souls! He is behind every deception ever aimed at the human race and millions, in and out of the church believe his lies. I for one had been living in blissful ignorance of the danger for many years until a massive heart attack laid me flat on my back and I was moved ( inwardly compelled ) to make a deep study of the History of God's Word and how He has providentially preserved it until today.

     Now let us turn our attention to the Minority Text's two most prominent manuscripts on which most modern translations of the Bible heavily rely. They are called Codex Sinaiticus ( ALEPH ) and Codex Vaticanus ( B ). The word 'codex' incidentally, means that the manuscript is in book form, with pages as opposed to being a scroll. But first a little about the man whom God raised up over 150 years ago to expose the errors of the Minority Texts. His name is John Burgon.

John William Burgon
     John Burgon was undoubtedly one of the greatest defenders of the Greek text of the New Testament. He exposed the hundreds of amendments, deletions and additions in the Minority Text and defended the reliability of Textus Receptus until the day of his death. Unlike most Bible students, Burgon was a Greek scholar of the highest rank who spent much of his life browsing through the museums and libraries of Europe examining the ancient Greek manuscripts. He had first hand experience examining the Vatican texts whilst he ministered to a congregation in Rome. His findings are of utmost value in these days of willful, spiritual ignorance and sin.

I will quote a few extracts about this magnificent warrior from David O Fuller's book: Which Bible?

     " John William Burgon was born August 21, 1813. He matriculated at Oxford in 1841, taking several high honors there and his B.A. in 1845. He took his M.A. there in 1848…The thing about Burgon however, which lifts him out of the nineteenth century English setting and endears him to the hearts of earnest Christians of other lands and other ages is his steadfast defense of the Scriptures as the infallible Word of God. He strove with all his power to arrest the modernistic currents, which during his lifetime had begun to flow within the Church of England. Continuing his efforts with unabated zeal up to the very day of his death. With this purpose in mind he labored mightily in the field of New Testament textual criticism.

     In 1860 while temporary chaplain of the English congregation at Rome, he made a personal examination of Codex B ( Vaticanus ) and in 1862 he inspected the treasures of St. Catherine's Convent on Mt. Sinai. Later he made several tours of European libraries, examining and collating New Testament manuscripts wherever he went…Of all the critics of the nineteenth century Burgon alone was consistently Christian in his vindication of the Divine inspiration and providential preservation of the text of Holy Scripture…

     Burgon regarded the good state of preservation of B ( Codex Vaticanus ) and ALEPH ( Codex Sinaiticus ) in spite of their exceptional age as proof not of their goodness but of their badness. If they had been good manuscripts, they would have been read to pieces long ago. We suspect that these two manuscripts are indebted for their preservation, solely to their ascertained evil character. Which has occasioned that one eventually found its way four centuries ago to a forgotten shelf in the Vatican Library. While the other, after exercising the ingenuity of several generations of critical Correctors. Eventually got deposited in the wastepaper basket of the Convent at the foot of Mount Sinai.

     Had B ( Vaticanus ) and ALEPH ( Sinaiticus ) been copies of average purity, they must long since have shared the inevitable fate of books, which are freely used and highly prized. namely, they would have fallen into decadence and disappeared from sight. Thus the fact that B and ALEPH are so old is a point against them, not something in their favor. It shows that the Church rejected them and did not read them. Otherwise they would have worn out and disappeared through much reading.

     For an orthodox Christian, Burgon's view is the only reasonable one. If we believe that God gave the Church guidance in regard to the New Testament books, then surely it is logical to believe that God gave the church similar guidance in regard to the text which these books contained…

     Who but those with Roman Catholic sympathies could ever be pleased with the notion that God preserved the true New Testament text in secret for almost one thousand years and then finally handed it over to the Roman pontiff for safekeeping? Surely every orthodox Protestant will prefer to think with Burgon that God preserved the true text of the Greek New Testament in the usage of the Greek-speaking Church down through the centuries and then delivered it up intact to the Protestant reformers. " ( Ref: F11 )

Codex Sinaiticus ( ALEPH )
     This codex was produced in the 4th century. In his book: Let's Weigh the Evidence, Barry Burton writes of Codex Sinaiticus. " The Sinaiticus is a manuscript that was found in 1844 in a trash pile in St. Catherine's Monastery near Mt. Sinai by a man named Mr. Tischendorf. It contains nearly all of the New Testament plus it adds the 'Shepherd of Hermes' and the 'Epistle of Barnabas' to the New Testament. The Sinaiticus is extremely unreliable, proven by examining the manuscript itself. John Burgon spent years examining every available manuscript of the New Testament.

He writes about Sinaiticus... 'On many occasions 10, 20, 30, 40 words are dropped through very carelessness. Letters, words or even whole sentences are frequently written twice over or begun and immediately canceled while that gross blunder. Whereby a clause is omitted because it happens to end in the same words as the clause preceding occurs no less than 115 times in the New Testament. THAT'S NOT ALL!

     On nearly every page of the manuscript there are corrections and revisions done by 10 different people. Some of these corrections were made about the same time that it was copied but most of them were made in the 6th and 7th century. … Phillip Mauro, a brilliant lawyer who was admitted to the bar of the US Supreme Court in April 1892, wrote a book called " Which Version " in the early 1900s. He writes concerning the Sinaiticus… 'From these facts therefore, we declare first that the impurity of the Codex Sinaiticus, in every part of it, was fully recognized by those who were best acquainted with it and that from the very beginning until the time when it was finally cast aside as worthless for any practical purpose.' " ( Ref: C1 )

In his book: An Understandable History Of The Bible, Rev. Samuel Gipp writes: " One of the MSS is called Sinaiticus and is represented by the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet, Aleph. This MS from all outward appearances looks very beautiful. It is written in book form ( codex ) on vellum. It contains 147 1/2 leaves. The pages are 15 by 13 1/2 with four columns of 48 lines per page. It contains many spurious books such as the 'Shepherd of Hermes,' the 'Epistle of Barnabas' and even the Didache.

     The great Greek scholar Dr Scrivener, points this out in his historic work A Full Collation of the Codex Sinaiticus. He speaks of correctional alterations made to the MS. 'The Codex is covered with such alterations brought in by at least ten different revisers, some of them systematically spread over every page, others occasional or limited to separated portions of the MS. Many of these being contemporaneous with the first writer but the greater part belonging to the sixth or seventh century.' " ( Ref: B5 )

Codex Vaticanus ( B )
     The second major manuscript of the Minority Text is known as Codex Vaticanus, often referred to as 'B'. This codex was also produced in the 4th century. It was found over a thousand years later in 1481 in the Vatican library in Rome, where it is currently held. It is written on expensive vellum, a fine parchment originally from the skin of calf or antelope. Some authorities claim that it was one of a batch of 50 Bibles ordered from Egypt by the Roman Emperor Constantine. Hence its beautiful appearance and the expensive skins which were used for its pages. But alas! this manuscript, like its corrupt Egyptian partner Sinaiticus ( Aleph ) is also riddled with omissions, insertions and amendments.

     Of Codex Vaticanus Samuel Gipp writes on page 72: " This codex omits many portions of Scripture vital to Christian doctrine. Vaticanus omits Genesis 1.1 through Genesis 46:28; Psalms 106 through 138; Matthew 16:2,3; Romans 16:24; the Pauline Pastoral Epistles; Revelation and everything in Hebrews after 9:14. It seems suspicious indeed that a MS possessed by the Roman Catholic church omits the portion of the book of Hebrews which exposes the 'mass' as totally useless.

" ADDED " Hebrews 10:10-12 By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. 11 And every priest standeth daily ministering and offering oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins. 12 But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God.

     The 'mass' in conjunction with the false doctrine of purgatory go hand-in-hand to form a perpetual money making machine for Rome. Without one or the other, the Roman Catholic Church would go broke! It also omits portions of the Scripture telling of the creation ( Genesis ), the prophetic details of the crucifixion ( Psalm 22 ), and of course the portion which prophesies of the destruction of Babylon
( Rome ), the great whore of Revelation chapter 17. Vaticanus , though intact physically, is found to be in poor literary quality. Dr Martin declares, 'B' exhibits numerous places where the scribe has written the same word or phrase twice in succession. Dr J Smythe states, 'From one end to the other, the whole manuscript has been traveled over by the pen of some scribe of about the tenth century.' If Vaticanus was considered a trustworthy text originally, the mass of corrections and scribal changes obviously render its testimony highly suspicious and questionable. "

Rev. Gipp continues on page 73: " The corrupt and unreliable nature of these two MSS ( Sinaiticus and Vaticanus ) is best summed up by one who has thoroughly examined them, John W Burgon: 'The impurity of the text exhibited by these codices is not a question of opinion but fact. In the Gospels alone, Codex B ( Vatican ) leaves out words or whole clauses no less than 1,491 times. It bears traces of careless transcriptions on every page.

     If we are to be thorough and discriminatory in our evaluation of the true New Testament text, then we must not -- we cannot -- overlook these facts.' How did these MSS come into being? How did it happen that they should be beautiful to the eye, yet within contain such vile and devastating corruption? It seems that these uncial MSS along with the papyrus MSS included in this category all resulted from a revision of the true or Universal Text. This revision was enacted in Egypt by Egyptian scribes! " ( Ref: B6 )

Rev. Gipp continues: " So we see that once a pure copy of the Universal Text (Textus Receptus) had been carried down into Egypt, it was recopied. During the process of this recopying, it was revised by men who did not revere it as truly the Word of God. This text was examined by the critical eye of Greek philosophy and Egyptian morals. These men saw nothing wrong with putting the Book in subjection to their opinion instead of their opinion being in subjection to the book. This process produced a text which was local to the educational center of Alexandria Egypt. This text went no further than southern Italy where the Roman Catholic Church found its unstable character perfect for overthrowing the true Word of God which was being used universally by the true Christians. "
( Ref: B7 )

The Westminster Dictionary of the Bible has this to say about Codex Vaticanus on page 624 under the article Versions. " It should be noted however, that there is no prominent Biblical MS in which there occur such gross cases of misspelling, faulty grammar, and omission as in B. " ( Ref: H2 )

Barry Burton comments further: " For one thing, Vaticanus and Sinaiticus disagree with each other over 3000 times in the gospels alone.

Facts about the Vaticanus: " It was written on fine vellum ( tanned animal skins ) and remains in excellent condition. It was found in the Vatican Library in 1481 AD. In spite of being in excellent condition, it omits Genesis 1:1-Genesis.46:28, Psalm 106-138, Matthew 16:2-3, the Pauline pastoral Epistles, Hebrews 9:14-13:25 and all of Revelation. These parts were probably left out on purpose. "

     " Besides all that, in the gospels alone it leaves out 237 words, 452 clauses and 748 whole sentences, which hundreds of later copies agree together as having the same words in the same places, the same clauses in the same places and the same sentences in the same places. The Vaticanus was available to the translators of the King James Bible but they did not use it because they knew it is unreliable. "
( Ref: C2 )

Dean Burgon comments on Codices Sinaiticus ( Aleph ) and Vaticanus ( B ): " Compromise of any sort between the two conflicting parties is impossible, for they simply contradict one another. Code B and Aleph are either amongst the purist of manuscripts or else they are among the very foulest. The Text of Drs. Westcott and Hort is either the very best which has ever appeared or else it is the very worst. The nearest to the sacred Autographs or furthest from them."… " There is no room for both opinions and there cannot exist any middle view. " ( Ref: P3 )

Oldest and Best
     Bible students are often told that Codices Sinaiticus and Vaticanus are older and better than other manuscripts. The implication being that they must therefore be more accurate. But this conclusion is wrong. We have already seen how Sinaiticus and Vaticanus are corrupt beyond measure. To be sure they are better in appearance but certainly not in their content. Remember they are written on expensive vellum so they ought to be in good shape. They are older but older than what? They are older than other Greek manuscripts of the New Testament. But they are not older than the earliest versions of the Bible. The Peshitta, Italic, Waldensian and the Old Latin Vulgate versions, which agree with the Majority text. These ancient versions are some 200 years older than A and B. Yes A and B are older than other Greek mss but for anyone to suggest that they are more accurate is absurd. It is like someone saying " You will find the greatest TRUTH being preached in the oldest and most beautiful cathedrals of the world, " or " the most beautiful women have the best characters."

In his book: Revision Revised Dean Burgon wrote over a hundred years ago concerning the ages of Codices Vatican ( B ) and Sinai ( Aleph ): " Lastly, We suspect that these two Manuscripts are indebted for their preservation, solely to their ascertained evil character, which has occasioned that the one eventually found its way, four centuries ago, to a forgotten shelf in the Vatican library. While the other, after exercising the ingenuity of several generations of critical correctors, eventually got deposited in the waste-paper basket of the Convent at the foot of mount Sinai. Had B and Aleph been copies of average purity, they must long since have shared the inevitable fate of books which are freely used and highly prized. Namely, they would have fallen into decadence and disappeared from sight. " ( Ref: P1 )

In short these two codices are old simply because:
- They were written on extremely expensive and durable antelope skins.
- They were so full of errors, alterations, additions and deletions that they were never used by true believers and seldom even by their own custodians. Thus they had little chance of wearing away.

     Can any true believer imagine JEHOVAH, the Holy One of Israel, hiding Codex Vaticanus away for over 1000 years in the Vatican Library till 1481? Or prompting the deeply religious monks of St Catherine's Monastery to dump Sinaiticus into a waste basket? The very idea is ridiculous.

     A vital fact to remember is that though codices Aleph and B ( produced in the 4th century ) are older than other Greek manuscript copies of the Scriptures, they are not older than the Peshitta, Italic, the Old Latin Vulgate and the Waldensian versions which were produced 200 years earlier in the 2nd century. All these versions ( copies of which are still in existence ) agree with Textus Receptus, the underlying text of the King James Bible.

I repeat: These ancient versions are some 200 years older than Vaticanus and Sinaiticus: so the 'oldest is best' argument should not be used.

All Bibles fall, basically, into one of two categories:
- Those based on the Majority Text.
- Those based on the Minority Text.

     The Bible you study each day is going to have an enormous effect on your spiritual growth and well being. Bear this vital fact in mind.